Abstract: This study investigates the
relationship between 
emissions,
energy consumption, economic growth, exports, and imports in Turkey (Türkiye)
between 1970 and 2023. The vector error correction model (VECM) and the Granger
causality tests are employed to observe the interactions between these
variables. The findings imply that emissions
and energy consumption, emissions and exports, energy consumption and
exports, and economic growth and exports have bidirectional causal
relationships. Furthermore, unidirectional causal relationships from imports to
exports and from economic growth to imports are also observed. Energy
consumption positively affects emissions in the
short and long-run. Regarding the short-run, economic growth, exports and
imports stimulate emissions.
In the long-run, economic growth and exports negatively impact emissions. Finally,
the current study recommends vital policies that focus on energy-saving
production in Turkey.
Keywords: Turkish Economy, Emissions, Vector
Error Correction Model, Granger Causality, Energy Consumption